The answer is similar ecological opportunities on different continents have produced some striking examples of convergent evolution.
When the Pangea continent broke apart, different continents bore varying climates hence species adapted to their environment. Convergent evolution occurred when different species gained similar anatomical features that are resourceful in the environment (continent) in which they are living. An example of convergent evolution is exhibited in bats that are mammals but have features analogous to those of birds such as wings.
Answer: Mutation. The allelic variations that make evolution possible are generated by the process of mutation, but new mutations change gene frequencies very slowly, because mutation rates are low. Assume that the gene allele A1 mutates to allele A2 at a rate m per generation and that at a given time the frequency of A1 is p.
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