Answer:
The membrane potential of a nerve cell will depolarize if there is an increase in the positive ions inside the cell.
Explanation:
When nerves are in resting potential it is -70mV. In this stage interior of the cell is negatively charged and outside is more positive. When depolarization occurs the inside cell becomes positive.
This is due to the rush of sodium ions into the cell by voltage-gated channels. Now the inside charge is more positive and the chloride ions move out of the cell. Thus outside becomes more negative.
After some time of depolarization stage, potassium ions move out of the cell making the nerve cell again negative. Now the depolarized stage becomes repolarized by the entry of potassium ions.
During depolarization, the potential of the cell is -55mV. When repolarization occurs, it is again -70mV. But the potassium channels are open and some of the potassium ions move out of the cell making the inside environment more negative. This is known as hyperpolarization condition.
This hyperpolarization remains for a short period where action potential can't occur. This period is called the refractory period. Again potassium ions enter into the cell. This results in the resting potential of the neuron again.
Answer:
(D) depolarization causes release of neurotransmitters.
Answer: Studying botany helps companies develop more abundant food crops for less investment
Explanation:
The reasons for studying botany that is most directly related to increased profits was that "Studying botany helps companies develop more abundant food crops for less investment".
Since more food crops are gotten for less investment, it ultimately means that there'll be a reduction in the cost which will hence lead to an increase in revenue and therefore there'll be an increase in profit.
The experiment by Peter Agre who discovered the protein Aquaporin demonstrated the function of proteins that allow facilitated diffusion of water.
Explanation:
Aquaporins are water channel proteins that facilitated diffusion of water. Agre was able to prove its function when a frog’s oocytes showed increased water permeability when an unknown protein (membranous) from the RBCs was introduced into them. The oocytes without proteins did not facilitate water diffusion.
Aquaporins are membranous proteins that belong to larger intrinsic proteins but act as pores on the cellular membranes to facilitate water diffusion.
Okay that’s good! Also good luck on test!