G1 is growth 1. This is where the cell is growing and doing normal tasks. The cell spends most of its life here.
S is synthesis. This is where DNA is being copied/replicated. This is the first step towards mitosis.
G2 is the growth 2 stage. This is where the cell is preparing for mitosis. The cell is doing final preparations in this stage.
M is mitosis. Mitosis is the process of cell division. This can further be separated into “PMAT-C” or prophase, metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokinesis.
The answer is HYDROGEN BONDING. Protonation of the amino acid residues (when an acidic proton H + attaches to a lone pair of electrons on a nitrogen) changes whether or not they participate in hydrogen bonding, so a change in the pH can denature a protein. The change in viscosity and color is an indication that the proteins have been denatured. Factors other than heat can also denature proteins. Changes in pH affect the chemistry of amino acid residues and can lead to denaturation. Hydrogen bonding often involves these side changes.