Answer:
The immune system response against pathogens in order to protect our cells from the damage and prevent diseases.
There are different cells in the blood including macrophages, mast cells, and natural killer cells etcetra which recognises the specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on the pathogen’s surface. PAMPs can be classified as polypeptide, carbohydrate, and nucleic acid which are expressed by bacteria, parasites, and viruses. Immune system detects "self" from the "foreign" antigen and destroy the pathogen without damaging the host cell.
Hence, immune cells detect foreign pathogens through specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on the pathogen’s surface.
Oxygen makes up 20% of the atmosphere while nitrogen makes up 78%. The other two percent is made up of other gases. Population growth would slow. Organisms need water to survive and if there is a limited amount of water, populations will decline.
Answer:
Low Mass star
Explanation:
The Low Mass Star lives on for Billions ( Trillions? ) Years. These stars have not died off in our universe so we are unsure of whats to come of its cycle after death.
Answer:
C. Only 1, 3 and 4
Explanation:
Deforestation is the process of cutting down trees by man, which eventually lead to the the sparseness of trees in otherwise forested areas. The reasons for cutting trees by man may include: habitation by man, clearing the land for agriculture or grazing, or using the timber for fuel, construction or manufacturing as well as mining of minerals.
Deforestation leads to many adverse effects on both man and his environment. These adverse effects include:
Loss of biodiversity in the forests which may lead to extinction of species.; when forest areas are cleared, plants and animals who live in these forests lose their homes and some may eventually die off due to inability to survive in other habitats
Increase in temperature of the earth: Trees serves to cool the earth by removing some gases which cause heating of the earth from the earth. Such gases include carbon dioxide. When these tree are removed, these gases accumulate in the atmosphere leading to increase in earth's temperature.
Also, since tree absorb some gases while releasing others into the atmosphere, when these trees are cut, there would be an imbalance of these atmospheric gases.
Explanation:
The constitutions of our first states and the United States Constitution reflect Enlightenment principles. The writings of Benjamin Franklin made many Enlightenment ideas accessible to the general public.