Answer: Closed
Explanation:
At resting membrane potential( RMP) sodium channels remained shut, this is because , previously in depolarisation,the voltage gated sodium channels were opened for sodium to diffuse into the Axon. However these channels closed after reaching their refractory period,s.
Therefore a change in the extracellular concentration of sodium will not open them
The tree topology
The lengths of the branches
The branching order of the tree
Nucleotide substitution rate
These would not affect maximum likelihood estimates of phylogenies when comparing different tree hypotheses.
<h3>What is tree topology?</h3>
- A unique kind of structure called a tree topology has numerous connected parts arranged like the branches of a tree.
<h3>The lengths of the branches:</h3>
- Branch lengths are a sign of genetic divergence; the longer the branch, the more genetic divergence has taken place.
- Usually, we calculate the average number of nucleotide or protein substitutions per site to assess the degree of genetic alteration.
<h3>The branching order of the tree:</h3>
- The topology of a tree refers to its branching structure.
- Species (or higher taxa), populations, genes, and proteins are examples of taxonomic units that the nodes represent.
- A branch is referred to as an edge, and it represents an estimate of the length of time between the evolutionary relationships between taxonomic units.
<h3>What is nucleotide substitution rate?</h3>
- The instantaneous rate of change from each of the four nucleotides to each of the other four nucleotides is summarized in the nucleotide substitution rate matrix.
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The answer is B hope it helps pls mark branliest
Answer:
Explanation:
The tar located in the La Brea tar pits is today a fossil fuel that began its formation many hundreds of millions of years ago from the bodies of marine organisms. During the last ice age that ended a few tens of thousands of years ago, some animals got trapped in the tar and left their bones behind. They are not something that created it but only got trapped in preexisting tar.
