The correct option is D.
Mining for mineral resources is an intensive task that involves disturbing and disrupting the lands where the minerals are found. The process of mineral exploration and eventual mining cause great disturbances to the affected land and one of the damages done to such land is great increase in soil erosion.
All of these represent something called "competition and predation", in which the species competes for strength, or when one species coordinates attacks against a prey species, or when one species hunts another.
a. respiration of living organisms
D. absorption of CO2 from the atmosphere by ocean water
Upper surface of base of the skull
