Answer:
The plant cell wall is strengthened by the molecular structure of cellulose. Cellulose is made up of ß-glucose arranged upside down, this arrangement aided hydrogen bonds between the hydrogen ions of the hydroxyl group and oxygen of the of the ring of same betta -glucose.
The aggregation of the hydrogen bonds give bundles of strong tensile strength of cellulose called the microfibrils (of 60-70 celluose molecules).They are held together in bundled called fibers.T<u>hese is the source of plant cell walls strength.
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Collagen is the main extracellur matrix (EM) in animal cells.It is a glycoprotein made up of 25%of body protein of animals.Each collagen molecule is made of helix shaped ,three polypeptide chains, wound around each other to form<u> triple helix.</u>The bonds holding helix together are hydrogen and covalent bonds.
Each triple helix is attached to adjacent collagen molecule, parallel to it. The covalent bonds formed a cross link which held the collagen molecules together forming FIBRILS. This gives flexibility to collagen, while maitaing strong tensile strength. This is what is responsible for the structural strength of cell membrane
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.The EM,is futher reinforced with carbohydrate molecules(proteoglycans) which<u> aided in water movements by osmosis following sodium movements into the matrix.</u>
When energy passes from one trophic level to the next, I would guess that the two factors which decrease the total amount of energy from being passed up are:
1. An organism does not assimilate all the energy of food consumed. Within a consumer, digestion and assimilation of energy is not 100% efficient: some of the energy is lost.
2. A large proportion of energy assimilated by a producer and consumer is lost through respiration, i.e., day-to-day maintenance of metabolic processes.
Answer:
Explanation:
Shutterstock. When the molten outer core cools and becomes solid, a very long time in the future, the Earth's magnetic field will disappear. When that happens, compasses will stop pointing north, birds will not know where to fly when they migrate, and the Earth's atmosphere will disappear
Answer:
Species B is the predator of species A.
Explanation:
The graph illustrates a predator prey relationship.
A predator can be described as an organism that eats other organisms while the prey is the animal that is killed and eaten by the predator. Both the predators and the preys usually co-exist in the same ecosystem. The relationship between the predator and the prey affect the population of the organisms in all ecosystem; it determines the mortality of preys and the birth of new predators.