Answer:
a. increase the temperature: the reaction will be shifted to the left side.
b. increase the pressure: the reaction will be shifted to the right side.
c. increase [SO₂]: so, the reaction will be shifted to the right side.
d. add a catalyst: it has no effect.
Explanation:
<em>Le Châtelier's principle</em><em> states that when there is an dynamic equilibrium, and this equilibrium is disturbed by an external factor, the equilibrium will be shifted in the direction that can cancel the effect of the external factor to reattain the equilibrium.</em>
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a. increase the temperature:
∵ ΔH has a negative value, the reaction is exothermic.
- The heat can be represented as a part of the products.
- Increase the T will increase the concentration of the products "heat".
- So, the reaction will be shifted to the left side to suppress the increase in the concentration of products by increasing T.
<em>So, the reaction will be shifted to the left side.</em>
<em></em>
b. increase the pressure:
- When there is an increase in pressure, the equilibrium will shift towards the side with fewer moles of gas of the reaction. And when there is a decrease in pressure, the equilibrium will shift towards the side with more moles of gas of the reaction.
- The reactants side (left) has 3.0 moles of gases and the products side (right) has 2.0 moles of gases.
- Thus, increasing the pressure will shift the reaction to the side with lower moles of gas (right side).
<em>So, the reaction will be shifted to the right side.</em>
<em></em>
c. increase [SO₂]:
- Increasing [SO₂] will increase the concentration of the reactants side, so the reaction will be shifted to the right side to suppress the increase in the concentration of SO₂.
<em>So, the reaction will be shifted to the right side.</em>
<em></em>
d. add a catalyst:
- Catalyst increases the rate of the reaction without affecting the equilibrium position.
- Catalyst increases the rate via lowering the activation energy of the reaction.
- This can occur via passing the reaction in alternative pathway (changing the mechanism).
- The activation energy is the difference in potential energies between the reactants and transition state (for the forward reaction) and it is the difference in potential energies between the products and transition state (for the reverse reaction).
- in the presence of a catalyst, the activation energy is lowered by lowering the energy of the transition state, which is the rate-determining step, catalysts reduce the required energy of activation to allow a reaction to proceed and, in the case of a reversible reaction, reach equilibrium more rapidly.
- with adding a catalyst, both the forward and reverse reaction rates will speed up equally, which allowing the system to reach equilibrium faster.
<em>So, it has no effect.</em>
<em></em>
Answer:
Since sodium has 11 protons, the number of neutrons must be 23 – 11 = 12 neutrons.
Explanation:
Explanation:
A chemical property is defined as the property that brings changes in chemical composition of a substance.
For example, flammability, combustion, reactivity, electronegativity etc are allchemical properties.
On the other hand, a property that does not bring any change in chemical composition of a substance is known as a physical property.
For example, shape, size, mass, density etc are all physical properties.
Thus, we can conclude that these may all be classified as chemical properties of a substance.
Answer:
6.It is concluded that while high temperature has an unfavourable effect on seed set of radish plants, it also weakens the incompatibility reaction between pollen and style, so that the result is a small increase in yield.
7.The result of the study showed that music with a higher intensity is more distracting and has a greater effect on task performance and concentration. The result helped formulate the Attention Drainage Effect theory, which is based on Kahneman's (1973) capacity model of attention
8. If the food is more colorful then the fish will eat more because they're more interested in the colors
9.If plants do not receive enough light, they will not grow at their maximum rate or reach their maximum potential, regardless of how much of any other variable – water, growth medium or fertiliser – they receive. Light is the driving force for photosynthesis, a plant process that changes sunlight into chemical energy. Plants need five things in order to grow: sunlight, proper temperature, moisture, air, and nutrients. These five things are provided by the natural or artificial environments where the plants live. If any of these elements are missing they can limit plant growth.
The independent (or manipulated) variable is something that the experimenter purposely changes or varies over the course of the investigation. The dependent (or responding) variable is the one that is observed and likely changes in response to the independent variable.
10.What effect does smiling have on a teacher giving no homework.
Hypothesis
If a student smiles at teacher, then no homework will be assigned
independent variable is smiling
dependent variable is homework
Explanation:
Answer:
It is true that earth was once covered with oceans and little dry land.
Explanation:
Over the course of around four billion years, the Earth's oceans have lost about a quarter of their original mass. Today the atmosphere is rich in oxygen, which reacts with both hydrogen and deuterium to recreate water, which falls back to the Earth's surface. So the vast bulk of the water on Earth is held in a closed system that prevents the planet from gradually drying out. According to the researchers, the continents emerged relatively suddenly from an ocean that covered 95 percent of the Earth's surface. The appearance of large masses of dry land would have caused more extreme weather, changes in ocean currents and the emergence of proper seasons. In turn, these environmental changes may have led to rise in atmospheric oxygen that enabled the explosion of new life forms around 500 million years ago.