Gene mutations can be positive, negative, or neutral. Suppose that the normal gene in Model 2 produced a polypeptide that was necessary for cellular respiration.
A) Choose a mutation from those in Model 2 that might be positive for a cell. Explain your reasoning by relating the mutation to the cellular respiration process.
Genes encoded in our DNA result in the production of proteins that perform specific functions within human's cells and various environmental factors and spontaneous events can lead to changes in genes, these changes are called mutations, can lead to alterations in the structure and activity of the proteins in the cells use. Mutations are the source of all new alleles in nature and arise spontaneously at low frequency owing to the chemical instability of purine and pyrimidine bases and to errors during DNA replication. Therefore,a gene mutation is a change in the sequence of nucleotides that occurs during cell replication (mitosis and meiosis) within a single coding section of DNA. Variations in alleles lead to variations in organisms within a population, cellular respiration, i.e. the reduction of inspired oxygen to water, which powers cell function, also generates highly reactive oxygen species that can damage DNA, with the purine bases G and A being particularly susceptible to this kind of attack,so Positive mutations lead to the organism having a better chance of survival, which means the mutation may be passed on to the offspring.
B) Choose a mutation from those in Model 2 that might be negative for a cell. Explain your reasoning by relating the mutation to the cellular respiration process.
Due to one's metabolism, the human body replaces every cell within the cellular respiration process and any mistakes can also occur in the transcription of mRNA or the translation of a polypeptide. However, these changes are considered to be negative mutations, because they are not permanent changes to the cell, however such mutations may lead to an early death probably before the organism can produce offspring.
Answer:
Si refrigeramos o congelamos el alimento, las bacterias presentes en ellos tendrán un metabolismo más lento, incluso llegando al punto de la muerte por encima de temperaturas a las cuales no les es posible vivir. Es importante mantener la cadena de frío para que las bacterias no tengan lugar a su reproducción.
Explanation:
Las distintas bacterias que pueden estar presentes en los alimentos tienen distintos parámetros que hacen que sea posible su vida y reproducción. En cuanto a la temperatura, es un factor muy importante ya que podemos encontrar bacterias termolábiles o termoresistentes según puedan vivir en las variaciones de temperatura. La mayoría de ellas no resiste temperaturas frías de refrigeramiento o congelamiento, motivo por el cual los alimentos se conservan así. De esta forma reducimos el riesgo de padecer Enfermedades de Transmisión Alimentaria. La cadena de frío por su parte permite que esa temperatura sea constante a lo largo de todo el procesamiento, transporte y disposición de los alimentos.
A nucleotide consists of all of the following except a nitrogenous base. The are of course the main building blocks of genetic information in many life forms.
When it comes to temperature regulation we can classify animals into two different groups, the endotherms, and the ectotherms.
Most mammals and birds are endotherms, which means they can alter their body temperature through their metabolic processes and be independent of the external sources of heat.
On the other sides, many reptiles are ectotherms, which means that they have to rely on external sources of heat, such as the sunlight, to maintain their body temperature
Animals also can be classified into three different groups based on the type of their skeletons. Vertebrates possess an inner skeletal system called the endoskeleton, the arthropods possess external skeleton called the exoskeleton and many soft-bodied marine animals possess hydroskeletons, bodily support systems made out of fluid-filled coelom.
The picture is a scientific model which is used to explain the concept of the water cycle by means of pictures and descriptions.
<h3>What is a scientific model?</h3>
A scientific model is a representation which may be in form of pictures, illustrations, objects, or ideas which are used to explain a particular concept by scientists.
Scientific models are usually employed to explain either difficult to understand concepts or scarcely observable phenomena in order to enrich the knowledge and comprehension of others.
The given illustration is an example of a scientific model. It is used to explain the concept of the water cycle. By means of pictures and descriptions, the various processes of the water cycle can be fully comprehended.
Also, by means of a cyclical illustration, the model helps to explain that the water cycle is a continuous repetitive process.
In conclusion, scientific models may be in form of pictures, illustrations or objects.
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