when changes in a protein appear to accumulate at a constant rate over time is called option (c) i.e, Molecular clock.
<h3>What does molecular clock mean?</h3>
The term "molecular clock" refers to a method that estimates the time in prehistory when two or more life forms diverged by analyzing the mutation rate of biomolecules. Typically, nucleotide sequences for DNA, RNA, or amino acid sequences for proteins serve as the biomolecular data for these calculations.
Hedges, a biology professor at Penn State, claims that the molecular clock counts the mutations that accumulate through time in the gene sequences of various species rather than counting seconds, minutes, and hours.
Mutation and recombination, the two fundamental biological processes that give rise to all heritable variations, are the foundation of molecular clocks. Mutations are modifications to the genetic code of DNA, for as when the nucleotide Guanine (G) turns to Thymine (T).
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The correct answer is that "for most clients, surgery is recommended only if non-surgical treatments have been unsuccessful." This is because of the guidelines involving medicine and surgery as well as guidelines involving the treatment of colitis. The question should have specified what type of colitis is the patient having, whether infectious or autoimmune. In infectious colitis, then surgery almost has no role and medical treatment with antibiotics as well as supportive therapy and fluid replacement are the only ones needed. In autoimmune colitis such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, while immunosuppressor drugs may have a role, surgery may be the mainstay of treatment especially those who are at risk of malignant degeneration.
<span>Pokaryotes are single cell organisms. Anaerobic prokaryotes use oxygen to obtain energy.</span><span> They use oxygen to perform cellular respiration, so they perform anaerobic respiration.
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<span>Archaea
and eubacteria are prokaryotic in nature. One of the differentiating
characteristics between them is that eubacteria have peptidolycan in their cell
walls.</span>
Answer:
600
Explanation: there is always a 3:1 ratio when you have a dominant and recessive trait.
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Answer:
Acid base indicators are weak and acids and bases, which are used to signify the end point of neutralization reaction. The type of indicator used for a neutralization reaction depends on the strength of the acid and the base, that are involved in the reaction. A good acid base indicator must have a good pH range and it must be able to produce specific and identifiable color in specific acid base medium.
or
Two good properties of an indicator are as follows-
1) It should be specific- It means that the changes, which are measured by the indicator should be expressed in precise terms so that appropriate assessment could be made.
2) It should be time bound- This means that the measurable changes should arrive withing a particular time limit.
Example of indicator- Litmus is an acid base indicator that turns acidic solutions red and basic solutions into blue color.
