<span>The major effects of insulin on muscle and adipose tissue are: (1) Carbohydrate metabolism: (a) it increases the rate of glucose transport across the cell membrane, (b) it increases the rate of glycolysis by increasing hexokinase and 6-phosphofructokinase activity, (c) it stimulates the rate of glycogen synthesis and decreases the rate of glycogen breakdown. (2) Lipid metabolism: (a) it decreases the rate of lipolysis in adipose tissue and hence lowers the plasma fatty acid level, (b) it stimulates fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis in tissues, (c) it increases the uptake of triglycerides from the blood into adipose tissue and muscle, (d) it decreases the rate of fatty acid oxidation in muscle and liver. (3) Protein metabolism: (a) it increases the rate of transport of some amino acids into tissues, (b) it increases the rate of protein synthesis in muscle, adipose tissue, liver, and other tissues, (c) it decreases the rate of protein degradation in muscle (and perhaps other tissues). These insulin effects serve to encourage the synthesis of carbohydrate, fat and protein, therefore, insulin can be considered to be an anabolic hormone.
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Answer:
The electron transport chain may be defined as the sequential steps of the oxidation and reduction of the cytochromes. The electron transport chain is important for the production of ATP.
The gramicidn protein is an ionophoric antibiotic that can affect the electron transport system. The electron transport rate, oxygen uptake and proton pumping remains the same as more hydrogen ions will enter in the cell. But the ATP synthesis rate might decrease and completely stop by using gramicidin.
Flatworm<span>, also called platyhelminth, any of the phylum Platyhelminthes, a group of soft-bodied, usually much flattened invertebrates. A number of </span>flatworm<span> species are free-living, but about 80 percent of all </span>flatworms are<span> parasitic—i.e., living on or in another organism and securing nourishment from it.</span>
The answer is both A and C. The coastlines that ideally experience high tides are places that are much nearer or opposite against the moon. The reason behind this is that the moon has its own gravitational field that pulls the earth towards itself. This makes high tides or low tides. Basically, there are two high tides and two low tides occuring at the same time. This is due to the varying forces that the moon does depending on the water's position on earth.
