The r% of a quantity x is computed by dividing x in 100 parts, and considering r of such parts. So, the r% of the male is
and similarly, the r% of female is
The number of males decreased by this quantity, so now it is
and the number of female increased by this quantity, so now it is
we know that these two new counts are the same number, so we can build and solve the equality
Subtract 20 and add 0.3r from both sides:
Divide both sides by 0.5 to solve for r:
Let's check the answer
The 20% of 30 is 
, while the 20% of 20 is 4. So, we are stating that 
which is true because both expressions evaluate to 24.
The answer to the question is d
The unit rate is another way of saying speed, so we divide the distance over the time. We can pick on any row
If we pick row 1, then, speed = distance/time = 90/2 = 45
Row 2 says the same thing: 135/3 = 45
So does row 3: 225/5 = 45
and so on
Because the speed is 45 mph, the unit rate is 45 miles in one hour. The term "unit" implies how much distance can be covered in one unit of time, in this case 1 hour.
You have the correct answer. Nice work.
