When cloning by restriction digest and ligation, you use restriction enzymes to cut open a plasmid (backbone) and insert a linear fragment of DNA (insert) that has been cut by compatible restriction enzymes. An enzyme, DNA ligase, then covalently binds the plasmid to the new fragment thereby generating a complete, circular plasmid that can be easily maintained in a variety of biological systems. Read on for an in-depth breakdown of how to do perform restriction digests.
Crossing-over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes. It results in new combinations of genes on each chromosome. When cells divide during meiosis, homologous chromosomes are randomly distributed to daughter cells, and different chromosomes segregate independently of each other.
Answer:
it depends on what sugar you are using
Explanation:
The answer is D. Because the bird has to be noticed and the brighter the feathers the more likely the chance to be noticed.
Are you asking what their predators are? As adults, the Australian meat ants can eat them. As tadpoles, they are eaten by camen, catfish, cat-eyed snakes.
