Answer:
they provide incentives for firms to develop technologies that are less polluting.
Explanation:
Pollution can be defined as the physical degradation or contamination of the environment through an emission of harmful, poisonous and toxic chemical substances.
Offset trading refers to a type of trading system that is typically designed for the realization of more efficient pollution control.
This ultimately implies that, it can be described as a program that allows new firms to pay existing firms to reduce their emissions below a standard.
Free market in tradable pollution permits simply means giving manufacturing companies and individuals the legal right to pollution of the environment. For example, XYZ company is purchasing the permit of 500 units of carbon dioxide (CO2) pollution annually, this simply means it is permitted to pollute the environment by 500 units of CO2 annually.
Additionally, a free market in tradable pollution permits has some sort of benefits as companies can resell their unused permits or devise a cheaper means of reducing pollution. It also compensate companies that significantly reduces its pollution of the environment.
Hence, an advantage of tradable emissions permits is that they provide incentives for firms to develop technologies that are less polluting because it would reduce the amount they would have to pay for pollution.
Answer:
Short range predictors:
c. Nominal interest rate differential
d. Psychological effects
e. Investor expectations
f. Bandwagon effect
Long range predictors:
a. Relative monetary growth
b. Relative inflation rates
Explanation:
Nominal rate, the real rate, and inflation. long term predictors of an economic theory in which a relationship between inflation, nominal interest rate and real interest rate is identified. It defines that real interest rate is equal to inflation minus nominal interest rate.
Bandwagon effect is a short range predictor because it is effect of uptake when people follow others. They take decisions what other do and its their belief that other people have taken the right decision so we too. This is just a short term hop based on beliefs regardless of any underlying evidence.
FACTORS AFFECTING COMMUNICATION
Status / Role.
Cultural differences .
Choice of communication channel .
Length of communication .
Use of language .
Individual Perceptions / Attitudes / Personal
Answer:
Efficient market school.
Explanation:
Efficient market school is the market school which argues that forward exchange rates do the best possible job for forecasting future spot exchange rates, so investing in exchange rate forecasting services would be a waste of time because it is impossible to have a consistent alpha generation on a risk adjusted excess returns basis as market prices are only affected by new informations.
The efficient market school also known as the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) is a hypothesis that states that asset (share) prices reflect all information and it is very much impossible to consistently beat the market.
Also, forward exchange rates are exchange rates controlling foreign exchange transactions at a specific future date or time.
<em>Hence, according to the efficient market school it would be a waste of time investing in exchange rate forecasting services because all the information about an asset or security is already factored into their prices and as a result of the randomness of the market. </em>
Answer:
242.65
Explanation:
Data provided in the question:
year 2011 2012 2013
Salary $65,000 $72,000 $76,000
Consumer Price Index 226 230 235
Real Interest Rate 2.5% 2.7% 1.8%
Nominal interest rate for 2013 = 7.3%
Now,
Rate of inflation for 2013 = Nominal rate - Real rate
= 7.3% - 1.8%
= 5.5%
Therefore,
CPI in 2013 = Consumer Price Index in 2012 × (1 + inflation )
= 230 × ( 1 + 0.055 )
= 242.65
