For hundreds of years education in the Roman Empire was done within the families by the parents or Greek slaves who were very educated. As education advanced it was made available to everyone although there was no attendance policy. Slowly the family began to loose power and children were being sent away to proper schools. That would lead me to believe it could be (d).
After 1877 racial segregation became widespread in the South primarily as a result of the black codes that were issues despite efforts made under Reconstruction laws. <span />
Armies grew quickly and the leaders gained a lot of power, so people thought it would cause chaos in the armed forces, military leaders insisted that their plans could not be altered.
