In the case of the Bombina frogs, the evidence that hybrid zone
stability is occurring was the consistent pattern from annual to annual of declining
frequency of yellow-bellied toad alleles with distance from the edge of their
range. This is a clear evidence that hybridization is taking place yearly in
the Bombina frogs.
Explanation:
Phagocytosis is the process by which cells ingest large particles, including other cells, by enclosing the particles in an extension of the cell membrane and budding off a new vesicle. During pinocytosis, cells take in molecules such as water from the extracellular fluid.
<span>Protein tertiary structures
are known to be a three dimensional structure of a protein with a single
polypeptide chain (backbone) and one or more protein secondary structures known as
protein domains.</span>
Tertiary Structure Interactions
1) Hydrophobic Interactions: they are non-
covalent bonds and very important in the formation of tertiary structure.
2) Ionic Bonds: the interaction of both positive
and negative amino acids forms a bond that helps to stabilize the protein molecules.
3) Hydrogen Bonds: this bond exit between the
amino acid with hydrophilic side chain found on the surface of the molecules and
water molecules in a solution.
4) Disulfide Bridges: it is a strong covalent bond commonly found between cysteine residues in close proximity space.
When a person is born they get one chromosome from the mom and one from the dad. A female has XX chromosomes a male has XY Cromosomes. So a male would get the Y from the dad and the X from the mom.
Stem cells are cells of the body that can divide and become differentiated. stem cells specialise and take specific functions when an organism grows
mature tissues such as muscle, blood, tissue, bone, nerves, liver all have different types of cells.
they come from three to five day old embryo cells.
they represent potential in the regeneration and repair of damaged tissue. some therapies actually currently use stem cells for this reason
