Gymnosperms are no longer restricted to moist environments, as are ferns and mosses because they have evolved to produce non-flagellated pollens that do not require water or moisture to reach the egg whereas ferns and mosses have flagellated sperm that needs moisture to swim towards the egg.
Another major evolutionary adaption in gymnosperms is the production of seeds instead of spores since seeds contain their own nutrition in the form of endosperm, seeds can travel large distances through wind or animals and can germinate when they find suitable conditions. Seeds can remain dormant for several years whereas spores have a shorter lifespan.
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Scientific models are used to explain and predict the behaviour of real objects or systems and are used in a variety of scientific disciplines, ranging from physics and chemistry to ecology and the Earth sciences.
Explanation:
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d. Sea Cucumber
Sea cucumbers are filter feeder. Sea cucumbers often find places that have strong currents to find food.
The key difference between energy flow and matter cycling is that energy flow shows the energy transmission from one trophic level to next trophic level in food chains while matter cycling shows the flow or cycling of elements through the living and nonliving parts of ecosystems
The origination and development of a disease mild from of diabetes
