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BaLLatris [955]
4 years ago
14

An atom of lead has a radius of and the average orbital speed of the electrons in it is about . Calculate the least possible unc

ertainty in a measurement of the speed of an electron in an atom of lead. Write your answer as a percentage of the average speed, and round it to significant digits.
Chemistry
1 answer:
victus00 [196]4 years ago
5 0

The question is incomplete. Here is the complete question.

An atom of lead has a radius of 154 pm and the average orbitalspeed of the electron in it is about 1.8x10^{8} m/s. Calculate the least possible uncertainty in a measurement of the speed of an electron in an atom of lead. Write your answer as a percentage of the average speed, and round it to significant 2 digits.

Answer: v% = 0.21 m/s

Explanation: To calculate the uncertainty, use <u>Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle</u>, which states that:  ΔpΔx≥\frac{h}{4\pi }

where h is <u>Planck's constant</u> and it is equal to 6.626.10^{-34}m²kg/s.

Since p (momentum) is p = m.v:

mΔv.Δx ≥ \frac{h}{4\pi }

Δv = \frac{h}{4\pi.x.m }

Given that: r = x = 1.54.10^{-10}m and mass of an electron is m=9.1.10^{-31}kg

Δv = \frac{6.626.10^{-34} }{4.3.14.1.54.10^{-10}.9.1.10^{-31}}

Δv = 0.0376.10^{7}

As percentage of average speed:

Δv.\frac{1}{v}.100% = \frac{0.0376.10^{7} }{1.8.10^{8} }.10² = 0.021.10 = 0.21%

The least possible uncertainty in a speed of an electron is 0.21%.

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