Is a function defined for a system relating several state variables or state quantities that depends only on the current equilibrium thermodynamic state of the system[1] (e.g. gas, liquid, solid, crystal, or emulsion), not the path which the system took to reach its present state. A state function describes the equilibrium state of a system, thus also describing the type of system. For example, a state function could describe an atom or molecule in a gaseous, liquid, or solid form; a heterogeneous or homogeneous mixture; and the amounts of energy required to create such systems or change them into a different equilibrium state.
We can describe a positive energetic process as any process which increases the internal energy of the system.
A positive energetic reaction or process is often referred to as being Endothermic. This means that the system which is performing the process absorbs energy. Some examples include:
- Boiling an Egg
- Roasting food over a fire (the food is the reference system)
etc
Therefore, we can confirm that a positive energetic process is one in which the system in question absorbs energy, thus increasing its internal energy.
<em>Since I could not locate the options online, I have provided a general explanation of the concept coupled with a few examples.</em>
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Answer:

Explanation:
Since the <em>rate constant</em> has units of <em>s⁻¹</em>, you can tell that the order of the reaction is 1.
Hence, the rate law is:
![r=d[A]/dt=-k[A]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=r%3Dd%5BA%5D%2Fdt%3D-k%5BA%5D)
Solving that differential equation yields to the well known equation for the rates of a first order chemical reaction:
![[A]=[A]_0e^{-kt}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BA%5D%3D%5BA%5D_0e%5E%7B-kt%7D)
You know [A]₀, k, and t, thus you can calculate [A].
![[A]=0.548M\times e^{-3.6\cdot 10^{-4}/s\times99.2s}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BA%5D%3D0.548M%5Ctimes%20e%5E%7B-3.6%5Ccdot%2010%5E%7B-4%7D%2Fs%5Ctimes99.2s%7D)
![[A]=0.529M](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BA%5D%3D0.529M)
<u>Answer:</u> The pH of resulting solution is 8.7
<u>Explanation:</u>
To calculate the number of moles for given molarity, we use the equation:

Molarity of TRIS acid solution = 0.1 M
Volume of solution = 50 mL
Putting values in above equation, we get:

Molarity of TRIS base solution = 0.2 M
Volume of solution = 60 mL
Putting values in above equation, we get:

Volume of solution = 50 + 60 = 110 mL = 0.11 L (Conversion factor: 1 L = 1000 mL)
- To calculate the pH of acidic buffer, we use the equation given by Henderson Hasselbalch:
![pH=pK_a+\log(\frac{[salt]}{[acid]})](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=pH%3DpK_a%2B%5Clog%28%5Cfrac%7B%5Bsalt%5D%7D%7B%5Bacid%5D%7D%29)
![pH=pK_a+\log(\frac{[\text{TRIS base}]}{[\text{TRIS acid}]})](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=pH%3DpK_a%2B%5Clog%28%5Cfrac%7B%5B%5Ctext%7BTRIS%20base%7D%5D%7D%7B%5B%5Ctext%7BTRIS%20acid%7D%5D%7D%29)
We are given:
= negative logarithm of acid dissociation constant of TRIS acid = 8.3
![[\text{TRIS acid}]=\frac{0.005}{0.11}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5B%5Ctext%7BTRIS%20acid%7D%5D%3D%5Cfrac%7B0.005%7D%7B0.11%7D)
![[\text{TRIS base}]=\frac{0.012}{0.11}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5B%5Ctext%7BTRIS%20base%7D%5D%3D%5Cfrac%7B0.012%7D%7B0.11%7D)
pH = ?
Putting values in above equation, we get:

Hence, the pH of resulting solution is 8.7
A.)49.4974874 moles or 49.5 moles
B.)2.980808730172671e+25 or 3e+25