Answer:
The effects of each of the items can be indicated as follows:
<u>Paid in Capital</u>
<u>Item </u><u> </u><u> Capital Stock Additional Retained Earnings</u>
1. No Effect No Effect Decrease
2. Increase No Effect No Effect
3. No Effect No Effect No Effect
4. Increase Increase Decrease
5. No Effect No Effect Decrease
6. No Effect No Effect No Effect
7. No Effect No Effect No Effect
8. Increase Increase No Effect
.
Explanation:
1. Declared a cash dividend.
This decreases cash and retained earnings but has no effect on common stock and additional paid in capital.
2. Issued par value common stock for cash at par value.
This increases cash and also increases common stock.
3. Completed a 2-for-1 stock split in which $10 par value stock was changed to $5 par value stock.
This does not affect any account but only increases the number of shares without any increase in the total common stock value.
4. Declared a small stock dividend when the market price was higher than par value.
This is a type of dividend that increases the common stock and additional paid in capital but decreases the retained earnings.
5. Made a prior period adjustment for overstatement of net income.
This reduces the net income and the retained earnings no effect on common stock and additional paid in capital.
6. Issued the shares of common stock required by the stock dividend declaration in item no. 4 above.
Since this is just to effect number 4 above, it has no further effect on any of the subdivisions of stockholders’ equity.
7. Paid the cash dividend in item no. 1 above.
Since this is just to effect number 1 above, it has no further effect on any of the subdivisions of stockholders’ equity.
8. Issued par value common stock for cash above par value.
This increases cash, common stock, and additional paid in capital. But this does affect retained earnings.
