B. This description sounds most like a foil. They tend to help the main character evolve to something great and has little change in themselves
        
                    
             
        
        
        
Answer:
A systems of beliefs
Explanation:
According to the given question, the use of the word "philosophies" in the excerpt means "systems of beliefs". 
This is because, it is described that Muir and Pinchot has a philosophy which were not at odds but rather work well together.