<span>The answer is molecular clocks.
Molecular clocks use rates of mutation to measure evolutionary time. This technique is based on the fact that mutations add up at a fairly constant rate in the DNA of species that evolved from a common ancestor. The more mutations that happened in each lineage, the greater is the differences between these lineages and vice versa.</span>
Excessive use of antibiotics has created a major global problem because each time an antibiotic is used, the bacteria it is being used to treat become more and more resistant. These bacteria selectively adapt and reproduce with this resistance, thus creating a bacteria that requires a new antibiotic for treatment. In this way, the bacteria have evolved and become more powerful and more resistant to our antibiotics, which is causing a global epidemic.
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The long-necked giraffes can access more food, so they have a better chance of surviving to reproductive age.
Answer:
<h3>By tracking populations over time, ecologists can see how these populations have changed and may be able to predict how they're likely to change in the future</h3>
Explanation:
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The brain stem leads to the spinal cord
