Answer:
The Ship of State is a famous and oft-cited metaphor put forth by Plato in Book VI of the Republic (488a–489d). It likens the governance of a city-state to the command of a naval vessel and ultimately argues that the only people fit to be captain of this ship (Greek: ναῦς) are philosopher kings, benevolent men with absolute power who have access to the Form of the Good. The origins of the metaphor can be traced back to the lyric poet Alcaeus (frs. 6, 208, 249), and it is found in Sophocles' Antigone and Aeschylus' Seven Against Thebes before Plato.
Structure
A text can basically be built/arranged/organized in one of five ways: Sequence, which is the structure that describes steps or a certain order. Problem/solution is the structure that covers a problem and a solution and focuses on the events that took place in order to reach the solution. Compare/contrast is the structure that compares the likenesses and contrasts the differences of things. Description is the structure that goes over the details of something. And, cause/effect is the structure that highlights how something caused something else to happen.
Additionally, all five structures can be utilized within one of the four text types—narrative, expository, technical, and/or persuasive.
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