Why is it important to develop a case history of physical symptoms of each patient to be used along with the physical tests performed on the patientâs urine specimen?
A thorough history will ensure that nothing is missed and will allow critical
pieces of information to be exchanged between various health care professionals
Certain physical symptoms will prompt that certain questions be asked and their
answers included as they may represent pertinent positive negative or positive
data. In short, a good, well-contructed history will allow other physicians to
formulate their own differential diagnoses and will include the pertinent
information on which to base the differential
Worry less about the amount of calories and more about how. so consider options such as exercising and eating well balanced meals without bad ingredients. try to find organic foods (usually they will have less surgar) don't avoid carbs completely but limit intake. basically get into healthy eating and regularly exercising to help loose weight. don't focus on the numbers just make your body feel happy. :)
Usually you get penicillin. lots of people have a reaction to this med, so the next choice would be moxicillin. (spelling?) as far as over the counter meds, ibuprofen or tylenol helps
Answer:
b. The rats press the lever least when cocaine is presented.
Explanation:
Reinforcement or reward refers to the physiological processes by which a given behavior, such as drug use, becomes habitual. This occurs when neurons release the neurotransmitter dopamine to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) after drug use.
In tobacco, nicotine is the main component triggering of the reinforcement. Once inside the brain, nicotine activates nicotinic receptors, which in turn contributes to the reinforcement mechanism. Following repeated exposure to nicotine, a neuroadaptation process is established for some (but not all) effects of nicotine. Increased brain nAChRs (acetylcoline receptors) are observed in response to desensitization of these nicotine-mediated receptors. This desensitization can play an important role in the development of tolerance and dependence.
The fact that nicotine is a weak reinforcer, means that maybe the rat already had an neuroadaptation with this drug, not feeling anything with this drug anymore, and thats why he would prefer other drug, like cocaine, pressing the lever of nicotine less often.
