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Optiosn are not provided in the question. The complete question s as following:
The most recent blood work of a client with a diagnosis of heart failure indicates increased levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). What are the most likely effects of these peptides on the patient's physiology?
A. Water retention
B. Increased tubular sodium reabsorption
C. Counteracting the effects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
D. Sympathetic nervous stimulation
Answer:
C. Counteracting the effects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Explanation:
Atrial and ventricular volume / pressure expansion trigger the production of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) which are endogenously produced peptides.
The ANP and BNP plasma levels increase according to the extent of the heart failure. Myocardial stretching is a key factor in stimulating ANP and BNP secretion, while neurohumoral factors also play a role in the secretion process.
Natriuresis, Vasodilatation and activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) and sympathetic nervous systems are the main physiological effects of ANP and BNP; both of which are expected to prevent the development of heart failure.
Hence, the correct option is C.
Answer:
Cell membrane
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True, Ascomycetes form the largest phylum in the Fungi kingdom, with over 64,000 species. Hope this helped
Answer:
It can be characterized by the extreme heat or too much rainfall. Deforestation also degrades soil quality and is a major cause of the world's rapid desertification. Such weather patterns and environmental changes contribute to the plummeting of the agricultural production.
Explanation:
