The answer is negative reinforcement. It is a word termed by B. F. Skinner in his theory of operant conditioning. In negative reinforcement, a reaction or performance is reinforced by ending, eliminating or evading a negative consequence or aversive provocation.
Answer:
Quarterly interest payment= $11.25
Explanation:
<em>T</em><em>he coupon rate is the proportion of the nominal value of a bond that is paid as interest . This proportion is always as a quoted as percentage . And the payment can be made annually, semi-annually or even quarterly</em>
<em>Here the quarterly payment implies that the investor would receive the interest payment every three months</em>
<em />
Annual Interest payment = coupon rate × nominal value
= 4.5% × 1,000 = 45
Quarterly interest payment = 45 × 3/12 = 11.25
Quarterly interest payment= $11.25
<span>This study is a randomized control trial (RCT). In an RCT, participants are randomized into one of two groups - an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group receives the treatment of interest to the researchers (in this case, computers and educational software) while the control group does not. This will allow the researchers to examine the effect of the intervention (computers and educational software) on achievement tests scores.</span>
Answer:
Externalities can be defined as those activities that incurs cost on another party.
Road congestion creates externalities such as increased time for travel, more pollution in a city, more likelihood of accidents, more stress for road users.
This externaliity is caused because road users think of the private benefits that they can get from using the road but they do not take the social cost into account. We have lots of drivers on the road and non of these drivers takes cognizance of the cost that other drivers get because of this.
If road are private, congestion is going to fall and there would be excludability. But this is a public good, turning it to a private good would cause issues. Private markets benefits out is positive externalities.
Answer:
The customer should buy more of good X.
Explanation:
Marginal utility is the additional satisfaction derived from spending an additional unit of money on a commodity.
In the scenario above, since more additional satisfaction is derived from purchasing good X than it is derived from purchasing good Y, then more of good X should be purchased, because this is clearly the commodity that offers more satisfaction.
Therefore, in order for utility to be maximized, more money should be spent on more of good X.
