Cellular respiration is a metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose and produces ATP. The stages of cellular respiration include glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid or Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
During cellular respiration, a glucose molecule is gradually broken down into carbon dioxide and water. Along the way, some ATP is produced directly in the reactions that transform glucose. Much more ATP, however, is produced later in a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Oxidative phosphorylation is powered by the movement of electrons through the electron transport chain, a series of proteins embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
These electrons come originally from glucose and are shuttled to the electron transport chain when they gain electrons.
As electrons move down the chain, energy is released and used to pump protons out of the matrix, forming a gradient. Protons flow back into the matrix through an enzyme called ATP synthase, making ATP. At the end of the electron transport chain, oxygen accepts electrons and takes up protons to form water. Glycolysis can take place without oxygen in a process called fermentation. The other three stages of cellular respiration—pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation—require oxygen in order to occur. Only oxidative phosphorylation uses oxygen directly, but the other two stages can't run without oxidative phosphorylation.). As electrons move down the chain, energy is released and used to pump protons out of the matrix, forming a gradient. Protons flow back into the matrix through an enzyme called ATP synthase, making ATP. At the end of the electron transport chain, oxygen accepts electrons and takes up protons to form water.
Glycolysis can take place without oxygen in a process called fermentation. The other three stages of cellular respiration—pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation—require oxygen in order to occur. Only oxidative phosphorylation uses oxygen directly, but the other two stages can't run without oxidative phosphorylation.
Answer:
The correct answers are option A. "Corals are animals". B. "Corals are benthic organisms"., and E. "Corals live in tropical water".
Explanation:
Corals are animals, what we know as a coral, is in fact a group of small animals called polyps that need food to survive. Corals are benthic organisms because they live at the bottom of the sea. The subclass of benthic organisms that corals belong is called Macrobenthos, for being large enough to be seen at the naked eye. Corals live mostly in tropical waters, because they do not tolerate waters with a temperature below 18 Celsius.
Normal cells in the body follow an orderly path of growth, division, and death. Programmed cell death is called apoptosis, and when this process breaks down, cancer begins to form.
Answer:
soluble molecules
Explanation:
Soluble molecules dissolve completely when mixed with water, hence forming a solution
The main responsible for the delay among the atrial and
ventricular contractions is the action potential conduction velocity of the AV
node cells. If the atria and ventricles contract simultaneously, atria cannot
give any help in filling the ventricles, which is needed, especially in those
with stiff ventricles as in the elderly. Hence atria have to contract first and
then the ventricles.
