D. all of the above is the correct answer
Species - A group of organisms that interbreed and produce fertile offspring. population - A group of organisms of the same species living in the same area at the same time, and which are capable of interbreeding. community - A group of populations living and interacting with each other in a common habitat.
1. encating laws or voluentary agreements
2. working to keep enough attractive affordable houses
3.assuring that development is spread out fairly
4. make quality trasportation
Steps are required for a pathogen to infect a novel host species.
- A pathogen is defined as an organism causing disease to its host, with the severity of the disease symptoms referred to as virulence.
- The pathogens can be viruses or bacteria. If the host is humans then these pathogens can enter through nose, sputum, yes or any cut wounds.
- After entering the host species, the pathogens ejects its genome into the cell of the host for its multiplication. Such type of organisms require the machinery of the host to multiply.
- The pathogens after multiplying, increases in number and damages tissues and organs of the host thereby causing diseases.
The answer here is a CUTICLE.
Cuticle is a multifunctional exoskeleton. It serves nematodes a variety of benefits. It aids in their locomotion via linkages to the body muscles as well as serve as barrier from the environment. Uniquely, the flexible yet resilient, extracellular matrix is synthesized five times and contains collagen, insoluble proteins, glycoproteins and lipids.
