It would be the "the preamble" that implies a plan of action and lists certain things to be changed, since the introduction is far more general in exclaiming why in fact they are claiming independence.
Answer: A confederation.
Explanation:
A confederation is the union of various states that unite for a specific purpose and delegate the powder to a central government. Confederations are often created in critical situations to make faster decisions intergovernmental.
For example, in America, the original 13 states signed the "<em>Articles of Confederation</em>" which are considered the first constitution of the republic, it was created to unite the 13 states and claim independence from England.
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The correct answer is D, as the name of the court case would be The State of Arizona v. John Doe.
In criminal cases, the accusation is carried out by the State through a prosecutor. In the case under analysis, although the victim is Josephine Lawler, it is the State of Arizona that carries out the claim. Regarding the accused, there is no doubt whatsoever, John Doe is the one who must respond for his crime, and so it is marked in the name of the case.
I am 100% sure its B. Phoenician got it correct on the exam.