A) David
Jerusalem has stood at the center of the Jewish people's national and spiritual life since King David made it the capital of his kingdom in 1003 BCE. The city remained the capital of the Davidic dynasty for 400 years until the kingdom was conquered by the Babylonians.
A federal judge is not required to have a law degree, so it depends on the type of judge you are talking about
7.. you answered the question in the question! :)
In the court case "brown vs board of education", thurgood marshall and other colored people from the NAACP fought to desegregate schools. the winning of this case helped to end segregation and gave colored people the confidence to bring other cases to court.
hope this helps :)