All the members of a family of elements have the same number of valence electrons and similar chemical properties. The horizontal rows on the periodic table are called periods.
Answer:
In the unfolded polypeptide, there are ordered solvation shells of water around the protein
groups. The number of water molecules involved in such ordered shells is reduced when the protein
folds, resulting in higher entropy. Hence, the lower free energy of the native conformation.
Explanation:
Answer:
The problem of energy exchange between waves and particles, which leads to energization of the latter, in an unstable plasma typical of the radiation belts. The ongoing Van Allen Probes space mission brought this problem among the most discussed in space physics. A free energy which is present in an unstable plasma provides the indispensable condition for energy transfer from lower energy particles to higher-energy particles via resonant wave-particle interaction. This process is studied in detail by the example of electron interactions with whistler mode wave packets originated from lightning-induced emission. We emphasize that in an unstable plasma, the energy source for electron energization is the energy of other particles, rather than the wave energy as is often assumed. The way by which the energy is transferred from lower energy to higher-energy particles includes two processes that operate concurrently, in the same space-time domain, or sequentially, in different space-time domains, in which a given wave packet is located. In the first process, one group of resonant particles gives the energy to the wave. The second process consists in wave absorption by another group of resonant particles, whose energy therefore increases. We argue that this mechanism represents an efficient means of electron energization in the radiation belts.
Explanation:
Fun facts:
In the process of energy transfer between two groups of particles both processes operate simultaneously, and if the lower energy part of plasma distribution gives energy to the wave while the higher‐energy part absorbs the wave enrgy, then the wave‐mediated energy transfer from lower energy particles to higher‐energy ...
Agamma ray<span> is a </span>very high speed particle<span> with </span>no charge<span>.</span>
Answer:
Nucleophilic reaction
and
Explanation:
A nucleophilic reaction is a type of reaction that involves attack of a specie having a negative charge or a lone pair of electrons on a positive center. This negatively charged specie or specie having a lone pair of electrons is called a nucleophile.
An SN2 reaction is a bimolecular, concerted nucleophilic reaction that leads to inversion of configuration at the carbon center. The leaving group is the group that departs from the frontside of the molecule as the nucleophile attacks from the backside.
