Question

Following are measurements of soil concentrations (in mg/kg) of chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) at 20 sites in the area of Cleveland, Ohio. These data are taken from the article "Variation in North American Regulatory Guidance for Heavy Metal Surface Soil Contamination at Commercial and Industrial Sites" (A. Jennings and J. Ma, J Environment Eng, 2007:587–609).
Cr: 34 1 511 2 574 496 322 424 269 140 244 252 76 108 24 38 18 34 3O 191
Ni: 23 22 55 39 283 34 159 37 61 34 163 140 32 23 54 837 64 354 376 471

(a) Construct a histogram for each set of concentrations.
(b) Construct comparative boxplots for the two sets of concentrations.
(c) Using the boxplots, what differences can be seen between the two sets of concentrations?

Answer 1

Answer:

a) see attached

b) see attached

Step-by-step explanation:

There is existence of outlier in the Ni data and there is none is Cr data.

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# You can try this out in R programming

cr = c(34, 1, 511, 2, 574, 496, 322, 424, 269, 140, 244, 252, 76, 108, 24,

38, 18, 34, 30, 191)

Ni = c(23, 22, 55, 39, 283, 34, 159, 37, 61, 34, 163, 140, 32,

23, 54, 837, 64, 354, 376, 471)

par(mfrow=c(1,2))

hist(cr, col='green')

hist(Ni, col='brown')

par(mfrow=c(1,2))

boxplot(cr, main = 'Boxplot of Cr')

boxplot(Ni, main = 'Boxplot of Ni')

boxplot(cr, Ni)