B) Many Italian city-states of the Renaissance were republics.
Explanation:
Italy was a group or the number of city-states, each of which has its own rule such as the Pope ruling in Rome, the Medici family that is ruling in Florence, the Doge basically ruling in Venice, the Sforza family served for ruling in Milan, the Este family which was ruling in the Ferrara and there is a long list that is consist of all the states of the cities and the ruling families of the ruling people.
The answer would be a.The lords needed to protect their land from other nobles. Hope this helps:)
Expanded trade, regional empires, and increased global trade are all effects of alliances and conquest.
You will need close allies to trade regionally in the beginning of the stages of the empire.
Afterwards, you will have to conquer other people to become a regional empire.
Lastly, you would have to trade with globally for more allies that are much more powerful
hope this helps
