Parathyroid hormones (PTH) increases the Ca++ concentration and slightly decreases phosphate ion concentration in the blood.
When Parathyroid hormone increases, the body release more calcium from bones into blood which lead to the increase in calcium concentration in the blood.
The parathyroid hormone increase in the other hand led to slightl
y decrease in phosphate ions since it reduces the reabsorption of phosphate from proximal tubule of the kidney
Answer:
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Explanation:
According to National Geographic, ostriches are a part of a very small group of birds that cannot fly because unlike most birds, their small wings are not strong enough to carry their body for flight and their breastbone isn't balanced enough for flying. Birds that are unable to fly are called ratites.
A number of scientists namely Thomas Huxley, Richard Owen, and others have tried to show that these ratites are actually related to each other and eventually, it was discovered that they all had one thing in common, the way the bones at the roof of the mouth were arranged was similar to that of reptiles rather than other birds.
Richard Owen found and assembled the remains of an extinct ostrich skeleton which was an extinct moa and contrary to already held opinion, one ratite known as tinamous did not really fit with the profile of a ratite because it could fly, even though almost grudgingly and they possessed keeled sternum which suggests that they evolved from flying birds.
DNA tests showed that tinamous evolved within ratites and not necessarily as a separate entity. The tests also showed that moas and tinamous are related.
It was also speculated that the division of the supercontinent Pangaea southern side led to the separation of flightless ratite ancestors, causing each landlocked group to evolve and become the flightless birds we know today such as the ostrich, rheas, etc.
A long reflexive pathway has an advantage over a short reflexive pathway in the fact that they can be also be stimulated by the central nervous system, whereas the short reflexive pathway is only stimulated by the enteric nervous system.
Apple trees and grass get their energy from the sun
