Answer: Diffusion, Osmosis and Active Transport
Explanation:
The processes of transport between the cell and the external environment can be grouped into groups: Passive Processes - occur through the plasma membrane, without energy expenditure to the cell, to equalize cell concentration with the external medium. Examples of such processes are diffusion, facilitated diffusion and osmosis. Active processes - occur through the plasma membrane, with energy expenditure, maintaining the concentration difference between the cell and the external environment. For example, sodium-potassium pump. Diffusion In diffusion, particles move from the highest concentration medium to the lowest concentration medium, so that it can be distributed throughout the medium. Therefore diffusion is a process called passive transport. Facilitated Diffusion is the passive transport of substances across the plasma membrane, without wasting cell metabolic energy, allowing the passage of substrates (molecules or ions) from a more concentrated to a less concentrated medium through specific mediation of carrier proteins, enzymes carriers or permeases along the plasma membrane. This process is mainly used to transport carbohydrates, amino acids, vitamins and some ions: sodium, potassium, calcium. Osmosis is the name given to the movement of water between media with different concentrations of solutes separated by a semipermeable membrane. It is an important physicochemical process in cell survival.
The sodium-potassium pump is an example of active transport. Sodium concentration is higher in the extracellular environment while potassium is higher in the intracellular environment. Importantly, the energy required for this change comes from the breakdown of the ATP (adenosine triphosphate) molecule into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and phosphate. The sodium (Na +) ion in the cytoplasm is pumped out of the cell. In the extracellular medium, the potassium ion (K +) is pumped into the internal medium. If there was no efficient active transport, the concentration of these ions would equal. Thus, the sodium and potassium pump is important as it establishes the difference in electrical charge between the two sides of the membrane that is critical for muscle and nerve cells and facilitates the penetration of amino acids and sugars.
Answer:
The synthesis of energy using light.
Explanation:
Plants and photosynthetic organisms use this method instead of eating food.
Chlorophyll needed for this reaction is also a green pigment.
Scientists suspect that human language evolved around 150000 years ago.
<span>the human language is linked to the Homo Sapiens who lived around 150,000 to 200,000 years ago in eastern or perhaps southern Africa</span>
The reason why scientists suspect this is <span>by evidence of abstract and symbolic behaviour in the early modern humans, taking the form of engravings on red-ochre.
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Answer:
Explanation:
The double-stranded DNA molecule has the potential to store genetic information in either strand, although in most organisms <u>only one strand is used to encode any particular gene</u>.
The template strand is the non-coding strand. The coding strand of DNA is the non-template (mRNA-like) strand (see attachment).
Thus, genetic information is expressed by transcription of the non-coding (template) strand of DNA, <u>which produces an mRNA molecule that has the same sequence as the coding strand of DNA</u>. Therefore, if a mRNA is transcribed from the non-template strand, the genetic information will not be contained in that strand and it would not produce a correct protein.
Answer:
Option-D
Explanation:
Plants are the organisms present on the Earth which can be easily marked with their green color. The green color is due to the presence of the chloroplast which encompasses the chlorophyll pigment.
The chlorophyll pigment has the ability to capture the sunlight energy which initiates the process of photosynthesis. The photosynthesis process utilizes Carbon dioxide gas and water to form glucose molecules.
The glucose molecule is then transported to the other parts of the plants like stem and roots where photosynthesis is absent and to obtain the energy, plant perform cellular respiration. The cellular respiration requires oxygen gas which acts as an electron acceptor molecule.
Thus, Option-D is correct.