Research study 3.3: anton and his friends are discussing a study he read about in his developmental psychology class. in the stu
dy, the researcher made the claim that most middle school students who are bullied have low self-esteem. clarissa questions the study, saying, "i am not sure that i am convinced. i am not sure you can really measure being bullied." quinn also questions the study, saying, "which middle school students did they study? i am curious if they included both private and public school students." manish also is curious about the study, asking, "i wonder how strong the relationship is between bullying and self-esteem. could you predict one from the other?"
<span>Based on the description, it seems that the researcher concluded there was a relationship between bullying and self-esteem, when there wasn't one<span>.
This is referred to as a Type 1 error (a false positive), where a researcher claims that there is a significant relationship between two variables, when in fact there isn't a significant relationship between them. Anton, Clarissa, Quinn and Manish, all raise doubts about the supposed claim that "middle school students who are bullied have low-self esteem". </span></span>
Based on the description above, the following analyses can be made:
1. Clarissa's concern is addressing t<span>he study's construct validity 2. Quinn's </span>concern is addressing the study's external validity 3. Manish's concern is addressing the study’s statistical validity
In addition, you may be asked, for what it means if Anton is concerned that the researcher made a Type I error. The answer to that would be that the researcher concluded there was a relationship between bullying and self-esteem<span>, whereas there is really no relationship.</span>
The federalist papers were a collection of essays that promoted the ratification of the US Constitution in the 1700s. They were written by <span>Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison, all Federalists.
The standard is still important (arguably even more important compared to past situation) because due to the development of social media, the flow of information became extremely easy to consume.
Even though this might good for average people, we cannot deny the fact that this could also make it easier for someone who want to intentionally spread misinformation.
The significance of the conflict was that the Hessian army crushed in Washington's raid across the Delaware River and the Americans were invigorated by the easy defeat of the British Hessian forces.
