It is called jury nullification when the jury ignores the law and acquits an obviously guilty defendant.
Answer: Option B
<u>Explanation:
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The jury is a subordinate body of citizens that assists the judge in his decisions or give a decision that is different from the decision of the judge. This body of citizens, in certain cases, has the power that allows them to exercise jury nullification.
And, declare an obviously guilty accused as not guilty based on the personal conviction of the jury members and their own persuasion of the matter.
The 13th-Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. (It means that there are no slavery allowed anymore.)
The 14th-All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. (It means that all men were created equally and nobody should treat others differently because of their own race, sex and religion.)
The 15th-The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color or previous condition of servitude. (This means that they can't make the blacks or any other groups of people into slaves anymore because that is illegal nowadays.)
The stability of teacher value-added estimates over time can be affected by the previous achievement level of a teacher's students.
When comparing teachers with initially higher performing students to teachers with initially lower performing students, the year-to-year stability level of teacher value-added estimates is typically 25% to more than 50% higher for teachers serving initially higher performing students.
Furthermore, when the number of student observations is artificially set to the same level and the data is pooled over two years to compute teacher value-added, some differences are detected. Finally, the paper provides a policy simulation that shows that teachers who work with students who have certain characteristics are more likely to be sanctioned in a high stakes policy based on value-added estimates and are more likely to see their estimates vary from year to year due to low stability.
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