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By examining large sample sizes, Mendel showed that his crosses behaved reproducibly according to the laws of probability, and that the traits were inherited as independent events. Two rules in probability can be used to find the expected proportions of offspring of different traits from different crosses.
To find the probability of two or more independent events occurring together, apply the product rule and multiply the probabilities of the individual events. The use of the word “and” suggests the appropriate application of the product rule. To find the probability of two or more events occurring in combination, apply the sum rule and add their individual probabilities together. The use of the word “or” suggests the appropriate application of the sum rule.
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Answer:
Crossing over
Explanation:
Crossing over is the process during which two chromatids of two homologous chromosomes exchange part of their genetic segments. It occurs during the pachytene stage of prophase I of meiosis I.
Linked genes are mostly inherited together and do not exhibit independent assortment. However, when linked genes are present far apart from each other on the same chromosome, crossing over can occur between them to produce recombinant chromatids. Therefore, crossing over can break the linkage and produce recombinant progeny as it occurs during the independent assortment of unlinked genes.
Answer:
the end results of mitosis and meiosis are completely different: Mitosis: One diploid cell → two diploid cells. Goal is cell division. Meiosis: One diploid cell → four haploid cells.
Explanation:
The square denotes male. One parent is recessive, so X must have at least one recessive allele. B is the right answer.
1. The Cell Wall.
Plants have a cell wall in order to maintain rigidity and stability. Animal cells do not have a cell wall because they have a different structure, which makes them more flexible and able to move around easier.
2. Chloroplasts
Since plants cannot move, they get their energy from the sun. This energy is made inside of the chloroplasts. Animal cells don't have chloroplasts because their energy comes from other organisms.
3. Central Vacuole
The central vacuole provides structure and holds materials and wastes, and also decomposes those wastes. Animal cells don't have a central vacuole because they have lysosomes and normal vacuoles that do the same function.
