Answer:
1. There is a small sample of the disease that's being tried to prevent so that the body can get used to fighting it.
2. In the vaccine there is a small sample of a disease that the vaccine is being used to prevent. The white blood cells fight harmful bacteria and so prevent diseases.
3. A vaccine works by training the immune system to fight viruses or bacteria.
4. The antigenic variability of the virus and other viruses and bacteria acts as infective agents.
Non-disjunction occurs when a the chromosomes do not split properly during meiosis resulting in too few chromosomes I believe.
Answer:
Receptors are highly specific and only have high affinity for those ligands for whom they are specific.
Explanation:
Receptors are proteins that receive a stimulus or bind a ligand and mediate effects via receptor effector system.
Receptors are macromolecules that are highly specific.
The affinity between the ligand and the receptors is determind by the disassociation constant Kd.
The receptors produce maximun effect when an appropriate specific stimulus is present.
Different recptors types are present for different ligands.
For example, muscrinic receptors are specific for acetycholine and adrenergic receptors are specific for adrenaline/nor adrenaline.
It is important to know the specificity so that the body remains in a state of balance.
Answer:
The tropical rainforest in Brazil is being cut down because of the ever-growing human consumption and population.Cattle ranching is also the cause of deforestation in tropical rainforest. The forests are being cut down to make way for vast plantations where product such as bananas, pineapple, etc. are grown.As with cattle ranching, the soil will not sustain crops for long more rainforest for new plantations.
Explanation:
I hope it will help
Option C : oxygen and Option B: nutrients
