Answer: Pyruvate is reduced and NADH is oxidized.
Explanation:
Fermentation is a chemical process that involves the breakdown of carbohydrates anaerobically by the activities of microorganisms.
It is the process use in the production of foodstuffs, wine and beer. Fermentation start with enzymes activities, which breakdown sugars into lactate or two molecules of three carbon organic acid, pyruvic acid. Pyruvate is reduced to lactic acid or alcohol in the absence of oxygen and nicotinamide adenine dinuleotide+hydrogen(NADH) is oxidized . This process produces two ATP per glucose molecule.
A biological system is a complex network of biologically relevant entities. ... Examples of biological systems at the macro scale are populations of organisms. On the organ and tissue scale in mammals and other animals, examples include the circulatory system, the respiratory system, and the nervous system. source: google
Answer: Louis Pasteur
Louis Pasteur in 1860s, proposed germ theory. The theory was based upon the fact that diseases are caused by the microorganisms. He was officially the first to publish his work.
Answer. They are the “last trophic level” in some hierarchies because they feed on everything (National Geographic). However, according to the strict trophic level definition they would be primary consumers.