He was a kind man who believed in equality of all people, men and woman alike regardless of color
The last option, because it was formed when the courrupt bargin happened.
Well, i think the answer would be : Standardized weight and measures
Standardized weight and measures first developed by the muslim merchants in Cairo. Before this standard, Length was measured by the length of one's body.
For example to measure silk, the usually used the term such as 1 arm length.
The thing is, many traders started to hire shorter people to measure this to gain profit , making exchange often became problematic
hope this helps