Answer:
Probability of landing cream cheese side up 3 times is tex]\frac{1}{4}[/tex]
Step-by-step explanation:
The probability of getting cheese side up is one half (
.
And this probability does not depend on the result of the last time you dropped it or the result before that.
So every time you drop a piece of toast the probability of getting cheese side up is one half (
.
Charlie has already dropped it once (1st time) and it landed on cream cheese side up. So probability for this is 1 because it has already happened.
Next time (2nd time) he drops, the probability of landing cream cheese side up is 
When he drops the piece of toast again (3rd time) the probability of landing cheese side up is again
.
So the probability of landing cream cheese side up 3 times is,

=