By utilising linear perspective, Raphael's The School of Athens gives the observer the impression that they are looking at a three-dimensional environment on a two-dimensional canvas.
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What is a linear perspective?</h3>
Using the relative size and placement of a set of objects, artists can create the appearance of depth and space using linear perspective. In order to create a painting or drawing utilising linear perspective, three key elements are required: orthogonals (sometimes referred to as parallel lines), the vanishing point, and the horizon line. With the aid of these elements, the arrangement of a piece of art can be set up to resemble how the human eye perceives the world. This approach is based on the idea that objects near to the spectator appear larger, while objects farther away appear smaller.
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The correct answer is Nomothetic approach
In the nomothetic approach it is established in the process of attributing meanings to it, which are derived from its association with theories and other indicators. This process of attributing meanings is fundamentally qualitative, similar to the process of theoretical construction. We demonstrate how validity is not a property of instruments or procedures, but of the process of qualitative associations inferred based on observed relationships.
In Bob´s argument we can infer an inductive fallacy known as fallacy by association which it is affirmed that the qualities of a specific object correspond to those of a general group, through an inconsequential relationship. It is argued that one´s qualities are intrinsically or essentially qualities of another simply by association.
On this case, we can evidence a fallacy of anecdotal evidence, hurried generalization or law of small numbers which consists of establishing a generalized conclusion based on isolated or anecdotal facts.
