Gymnosperms are no longer restricted to moist environments, as are ferns and mosses because they have evolved to produce non-flagellated pollens that do not require water or moisture to reach the egg whereas ferns and mosses have flagellated sperm that needs moisture to swim towards the egg.
Another major evolutionary adaption in gymnosperms is the production of seeds instead of spores since seeds contain their own nutrition in the form of endosperm, seeds can travel large distances through wind or animals and can germinate when they find suitable conditions. Seeds can remain dormant for several years whereas spores have a shorter lifespan.
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Science is the study and learning mechanism of the world and how everything is created as well as used today and billion of years ago
While the majority of anaerobic (without oxygen) and aerobic (with oxygen) respiration occurs in the cytoplasm and mitochondria, respectively, of the cell.
<h3>What is cellular respiration?</h3>
The process through which food, in the form of sugar (glucose), is converted into energy within cells is known as cellular respiration. All kinds of cellular operations are then powered by the energy that is stored in ATP molecules.
There are three types of cellular respiration
1) Anaerobic respiration happens when there is no oxygen present.
2) Aerobic respiration occurs when there is oxygen present.
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Earth's crust is made of rock, and rock is made of natural substances called minerals. There are three main types of rock: sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rock. Each type is produced in different ways. The oldest rocks on Earth were formed about 3.8 billion years ago.
