Among the northern Andean countries strongly involved in the illegal coca and drug trade, Columbia is now the predominant coca producer, so the answer would be option A.
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Make sure to model the phases of the moon in occurrence with movement
Example of selective breeding: Cows that produce lots of milk. Selective breeding to create more useful varieties of animals and plants is a form of biotechnology that human beings have used for thousands of years. Biotechnology includes any use of science or technology to alter the characteristics of a particular breed or animal.
Spirilla are spiral shaped bacteria cells
Answer: C). prolong the effect of epinephrine by maintaining elevated cAMP levels in the cytoplasm
Explanation: In the epinephrine pathway, binding of epinephrine to its receptor triggers a conformational change in the receptor and the interaction of the receptor with its associated Gs protein. This interaction causes the replacement of GDP bound to Gs protein with GTP thus activating the Gs protein. The activation of the Gs protein causes the alpha subunit of the Gs protein to dissociate and move to adenylyl cyclase, another membrane protein in the pathway. The association of the alpha subunit of the Gs protein with adenylyl cyclase activates adenylyl cyclase which in turn catalyzes the synthesis of cyclic AMP (cAMP) a second messenger. cAMP is quickly degraded to 5'-AMP by an enzyme phosphodiesterase. Inhibition of the activity of phosphodiesterase will increase the half life and the cytoplasmic level of cAMP thus potentiating the action of epinephrine.
