Answer:
In life, muscle cells contract and relax due to the actions of two filamentous proteins (actin and myosin), which slide along each other. After death, the cells are depleted of their energy source and the protein filaments become locked in place. This causes the muscles to become rigid and locks the joints.
In rheumatoid Arthritis patients, NK cell levels were abnormally elevated, possibly due to high serum levels of IL-2.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is an autoimmune disease that means our own immune system attacks self healthy cells in the body by mistake, causing inflammation (painful swelling),mainly attacks the joints.
The given study is to investigate the relationship between serum interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels and disease activity.
This study also showed the relationship between absolute numbers of peripheral lymphocyte subsets, autoantibodies, and associated cytokines in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
The results showed that the number and percentage of NK cells were positively correlated with serum IL-2 levels so, IL-2 can be a reason for elevated level of NK cells
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Answer:
filiform papillae
Explanation:
The filiform papillae, also called conical papillae, are sensory receptors distributed on two thirds of the lingual dorsum. They are the most abundant papillae on the surface of the tongue and are not associated with taste reception because they have the smallest number of taste receptors.
These papillae are arranged fairly evenly in rows parallel to the central groove of the tongue, especially in the center and back. These papillae are made up of connective tissue and an epithelium that expresses keratin, a protein present in people's skin, hair and nails.
Answer:
The mentioned case is an illustration of the missense mutation. A missense mutation is a kind of nonsynonymous substitution, that is, it is a mutation in which a variation in a solitary nucleotide leads to the formation of a codon, which encrypts for a distinct kind of amino acid.
When a missense mutation takes place within a DNA, a modification in one of the RNA codon sequences results at the time of transcription. This change in codon will ultimately result in the formation of a different amino acid, which gets presented within a protein at the time of translation. Like in the given case, a change in codon resulted in the substitution of the amino acid tyrosine with an amino acid cysteine.
Answer:
Through natural selection the disease gain immunity to the antibiotic.
Explanation:
As the antibiotic kills off the members of the population that are not resistant, leaving only the resistant members. These members then reproduce, passing the immunity to their offspring, causing the population to become immune.
