Answer:
Lead shows the greatest temperature change upon absorbing 100.0 J of heat.
Explanation:
![Q=mc\Delte T](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Q%3Dmc%5CDelte%20T)
Q = Energy gained or lost by the substance
m = mass of the substance
c = specific heat of the substance
ΔT = change in temperature
1) 10.0 g of copper
Q = 100.0 J (positive means that heat is gained)
m = 10.0 g
Specific heat of the copper = c = 0.385 J/g°C
![\Delta T=\frac{Q}{mc}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5CDelta%20T%3D%5Cfrac%7BQ%7D%7Bmc%7D)
![=\frac{100.0 J}{10 g\times 0.385J/g^oC}=25.97^oC](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%3D%5Cfrac%7B100.0%20J%7D%7B10%20g%5Ctimes%200.385J%2Fg%5EoC%7D%3D25.97%5EoC)
2) 10.0 g of aluminium
Q = 100.0 J (positive means that heat is gained)
m = 10.0 g
Specific heat of the aluminium= c = 0.903 J/g°C
![\Delta T=\frac{Q}{mc}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5CDelta%20T%3D%5Cfrac%7BQ%7D%7Bmc%7D)
![=\frac{100.0 J}{10 g\times 0.903 J/g^oC}=11.07^oC](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%3D%5Cfrac%7B100.0%20J%7D%7B10%20g%5Ctimes%200.903%20J%2Fg%5EoC%7D%3D11.07%5EoC)
3) 10.0 g of ethanol
Q = 100.0 J (positive means that heat is gained)
m = 10.0 g
Specific heat of the ethanol= c = 2.42 J/g°C
![\Delta T=\frac{Q}{mc}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5CDelta%20T%3D%5Cfrac%7BQ%7D%7Bmc%7D)
![=\frac{100.0 J}{10 g\times 2.42 J/g^oC}=4.13 ^oC](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%3D%5Cfrac%7B100.0%20J%7D%7B10%20g%5Ctimes%202.42%20J%2Fg%5EoC%7D%3D4.13%20%5EoC)
4) 10.0 g of water
Q = 100.0 J (positive means that heat is gained)
m = 10.0 g
Specific heat of the water = c = 4.18J/g°C
![\Delta T=\frac{Q}{mc}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5CDelta%20T%3D%5Cfrac%7BQ%7D%7Bmc%7D)
![=\frac{100.0 J}{10 g\times 4.18 J/g^oC}=2.39 ^oC](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%3D%5Cfrac%7B100.0%20J%7D%7B10%20g%5Ctimes%204.18%20J%2Fg%5EoC%7D%3D2.39%20%5EoC)
5) 10.0 g of lead
Q = 100.0 J (positive means that heat is gained)
m = 10.0 g
Specific heat of the lead= c = 0.128 J/g°C
![\Delta T=\frac{Q}{mc}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5CDelta%20T%3D%5Cfrac%7BQ%7D%7Bmc%7D)
![=\frac{100.0 J}{10 g\times 0.128 J/g^oC}=78.125^oC](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%3D%5Cfrac%7B100.0%20J%7D%7B10%20g%5Ctimes%200.128%20J%2Fg%5EoC%7D%3D78.125%5EoC)
Lead shows the greatest temperature change upon absorbing 100.0 J of heat.