Chemical equilibrium, because all reaction speed in an equilibrium would shift towards the side with the least concentration of molecules.
Hydrophilic and hydrophobic structures
Found in cells of fungi and algae
Double layered membrane
Not necessarily.
Rather, the particles will continue moving, but the net amount stays the same because they’re moving at a constant rate. The amount of movement does tend to slow down, but it still continues
Transcription factors are necessary for an initiation of transcription at a regulated gene but not sufficient.
Transcription is the first step of gene expression in which DNA molecule is copied (transcribed) into RNA (mRNA) by RNA polymerase. The process of transcription is divided into three phases:
1. Initiation
• RNA polymerase with transcriptional factors bind to gene promoter Transcription factors can enhance the interaction between RNA polymerase and a DNA sequence- promoter, encouraging the expression of the gene. Such transcription factors are called activators. Otherwise, when the gene expression is inhibited, factors are called repressors and they bind to sequence –operator.
• RNA polymerase unwinds DNA double helix (transcription bubble is formed)
2. Elongation
• RNA polymerases adds nucleotides complementary to DNA
3. Termination
• RNA polymerase gets to stop codon (transcribes a sequence of DNA known as a terminator)
• Formed complementary RNA strand is released from DNA-RNA complex
Aristotle is the father of biology
