Answer:
That layer is called the a horizon, so the answer is A.
Explanation:
Answer:
frequency of the blue (B) allele 
frequency of the red (R) allele 
The number of blue plants expected is 
The number of red plants expected is 
The anticipated number of violet plants is 
Calculated chi square value
Explanation:
Frequency of blue allele is
Frequency of blue allele is equal to sum of frequency of BB and half of frequency of BR

Frequency of other allele

Chi Square test
See the attached file
The number of blue plants expected is 
The number of red plants expected is 
The anticipated number of violet plants is 
Calculated chi square value
Answer: Electromagnetism
Explanation: Electromagnetism is one of the four fundamental forces (the other three are gravity, strong nuclear force and weak nuclear force.) It acts between all the particles having an electrical charge.
They aren’t common denominators