Okazaki fragments are the discontinuous segments of the lagging strand.
Okazaki fragments are located on the template strand which dictates the newly synthesized DNA away from the direction of the movement of replication fork. It is the building block for DNA synthesis of the lagging strand and on one template strand, the DNA polymerase synthesizes the new DNA in the opposite direction that is away from the replication fork movement.
Carbon because in the carbon cycle it’s recycled by plants and animals continuously in the atmosphere where it can also turn into organic carbon in the ground.